Flavin adenine dinucleotide (CAS 146-14-5) is a redox-active cofactor integral to a wide range of metabolic processes Incorporated in numerous flavoproteins FAD facilitates electron transfer in critical enzymatic reactions predominantly within mitochondrial pathways Enzymes utilizing FAD include succinate dehydrogenase -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase folate/FAD-dependent tRNA methyltransferases and N-hydroxylating monooxygenases as well as proteins implicated in apoptosis While the majority of flavoproteins catalyze redox reactions a subset mediates non-redox processes such as lyase transferase isomerase and ligase activities FAD is widely employed in research to investigate enzyme mechanisms mitochondrial metabolism and cellular redox regulation